{"id":"W1970296797","doi":"10.4018/ijsi.2013010106","title":"An Empirical Study on Novice Programmer’s Behaviors with Analysis of Keystrokes","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Software Innovation","topic":"User Authentication and Security Systems","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Algoma University","funders":"","keywords":"Programmer; Computer science; Keystroke logging; Programming language; Granularity; Source code; Software; Operating system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005325828,0.0004916326,0.000424293,0.001409977,0.000925645,0.001000608,0.0008618594,0.0007168746,0.001443077],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03765861,0.0004864286,0.0002690943,0.000849151,0.0009312269,0.00130731,0.001121765,0.001053771,0.0003835597],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004154831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006179134,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001057573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002216268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947026,0.002372833,0.0005945179,0.0007723282,0.001179629,0.0003779743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9154755,0.05218259,0.0109569,0.004554242,0.01242688,0.004403968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006554491,0.008084732,0.8421718,0.0006916019,0.00009989911,0.0009687638,0.06347223,0.0003675863,0.02044292,0.0001836509,0.0007932772,0.06206809],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005442618,0.005886552,0.9537157,0.0000918487,0.00004694135,0.001039776,0.02767255,0.001296791,0.007825839,0.0001516738,0.002146741,0.00007111976],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986981,0.00002998821,0.0006429479,0.00001644333,0.000003095842,0.00006310794,0.00003873024,0.00001121132,0.0004963197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963344,0.00008266095,0.002580428,0.00005653385,0.000009121195,0.0001299346,0.0001382909,0.000009976326,0.0006586335],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005325828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.028166,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02742613550006649,"score_gpt":0.34628815666742,"score_spread":0.3188620211673535,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}