{"id":"W1970458133","doi":"10.1002/cjce.22005","title":"Parameters measurement of hydrodynamics and CFD simulation in multi‐stage bubble columns","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Bubble; Mechanics; Tray; Stage (stratigraphy); Plate column; Superficial velocity; Flow (mathematics); Column (typography); Chemistry; Materials science; Chromatography; Geology; Geometry; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004140056,0.00008512084,0.0001609994,0.0001228003,0.00001413439,0.00001966223,0.0001074224,0.00005149231,0.000001754088],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001769639,0.00007831226,0.00003597657,0.000098599,0.00002415289,0.00005380935,0.000006228839,0.0002068823,1.937171e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002260855,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004483131,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006885264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001688205,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993793,0.000007333436,0.0002679937,0.00004654691,0.0001218216,0.0001770279],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996119,0.00005927221,0.00003964496,0.00008262463,0.00005053589,0.0001560559],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001439855,0.000001733067,0.0002537027,0.0000410766,0.00001465108,0.000001797685,0.0001306864,0.9449269,0.0541877,0.0001253581,0.000002401456,0.0003125923],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000261622,0.00001002655,0.0005177425,0.00009481878,0.000009433422,0.000005944813,0.000006241964,0.9946303,0.004259467,0.00002419938,0.000100487,0.00007967649],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9725481,0.0002206373,0.02698574,0.00002858946,0.0001191025,0.00004981089,0.000002615722,0.000007430207,0.00003800773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982092,0.000003529807,0.001740083,0.000006709696,0.00001840905,7.768042e-7,4.516957e-7,0.00001829613,0.000002546645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04992823,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3193481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01507074376867164,"score_gpt":0.1893563092324358,"score_spread":0.1742855654637642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}