{"id":"W1970927417","doi":"10.3141/2228-01","title":"Performance Bond Benefit–Cost Analysis","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministère des Transports; University of Florida; U.S. Department of Transportation","keywords":"Bond; Default; Business; Actuarial science; Cost–benefit analysis; Operations management; Finance; Economics; Law; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006370331,0.0003087381,0.0005634647,0.003866734,0.0008286637,0.0003557023,0.001957857,0.0001976445,0.001299867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002171764,0.0002331851,0.0006327553,0.009339489,0.0005653005,0.003173389,0.00002260225,0.001996816,0.0001822931],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001786788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003133345,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01613382,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05365441,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9926147,0.0002109807,0.001441635,0.0005021927,0.004019383,0.001211064],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.992728,0.0003294965,0.0007552929,0.0007053093,0.005324869,0.0001570221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001204438,0.0003114088,0.9722806,0.0003019812,0.0005278329,0.00007622761,0.001273314,0.0004939351,0.0005361533,0.0128224,0.005264068,0.004907697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009925425,0.0001250793,0.9673102,0.0001290255,0.0003154284,2.231481e-7,0.001047042,0.0007248261,0.000686048,0.002706469,0.02571438,0.000248734],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9883162,0.00006963732,0.0003766821,0.001560088,0.0004572229,0.00093123,0.0000174797,0.00005267224,0.008218833],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971095,0.0002336794,0.0009593098,0.0001660861,0.0004812348,0.00008958782,0.00003491783,0.00006258502,0.0008630572],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03752059,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996131,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1749722458055528,"score_gpt":0.3619689301902696,"score_spread":0.1869966843847168,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}