{"id":"W1971133019","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2012.02186.x","title":"Role of domestic shipping in the introduction or secondary spread of nonindigenous species: biological invasions within the <scp>L</scp>aurentian <scp>G</scp>reat <scp>L</scp>akes","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Applied Ecology","topic":"Marine Ecology and Invasive Species","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Transport Canada; Fisheries and Oceans Canada","funders":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Transport Canada; Minnesota Pollution Control Agency","keywords":"Species richness; Ballast; Abundance (ecology); Invasive species; Introduced species; Zooplankton; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002760121,0.0003683261,0.0008349045,0.0002735211,0.0004249557,0.00003559265,0.001150305,0.0004340956,0.001078212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003106316,0.0002110684,0.0002281698,0.0006524245,0.001485727,0.0003394091,0.0004443653,0.001268657,0.0001253038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002417274,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001702553,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005638041,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001777355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965806,0.0004602173,0.001289104,0.0003743289,0.000436702,0.0008590635],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9922547,0.005474514,0.00154646,0.0004820861,0.00006345105,0.0001788368],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001146513,0.002586234,0.7220356,0.0001062407,0.0005186452,0.00007346763,0.06275516,0.004745332,0.1423342,0.009659491,0.05397677,0.001094187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001001121,0.00122712,0.8768552,0.0000209092,0.000153939,0.000822802,0.06149155,0.00003282398,0.01418456,0.005066556,0.03908006,0.00006335357],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9532682,0.0002662351,0.00003248436,0.0002635817,0.0007941389,0.0005715593,0.0000131298,0.00001397983,0.04477671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968367,0.0003232264,0.000634709,0.0004622108,0.0008098654,0.00004013718,0.00001250408,0.00002378059,0.0008568262],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1548196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02043638034776325,"score_gpt":0.2216919762110671,"score_spread":0.2012555958633039,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}