{"id":"W1971428494","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9787.2007.00538.x","title":"SKILLS, EDUCATION, AND CANADIAN PROVINCIAL DISPARITY*","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Regional Science","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Human capital; Economics; Per capita income; Demographic economics; Per capita; Literacy; Variable (mathematics); Labour economics; Economic growth; Demography; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002364456,0.00005284019,0.0001308688,0.0004117874,0.0001794343,0.00006316646,0.0002282861,0.0000301983,0.00002821116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003006957,0.0000535262,0.00003297339,0.0002547909,0.0002597781,0.0005749311,0.00001883333,0.0001148882,0.00001869044],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002295824,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009260284,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01117035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0160542,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992385,0.000003216873,0.0003239232,0.0001593689,0.00004781288,0.0002272146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99909,0.00002818187,0.0003146723,0.00009025875,0.0001073361,0.0003695992],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000824235,0.00008003864,0.6917492,0.000006006499,0.000005281023,0.000003596776,0.000289056,0.000002262539,0.00003783534,0.2939703,0.003355473,0.01049278],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009969367,0.00003892411,0.8324811,0.000008209721,0.000001282186,0.0001642875,0.00004478921,0.00001384383,0.00004742945,0.0503559,0.1166594,0.00008511575],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9781421,0.001359305,0.0003694945,0.004214211,0.0008394333,0.00004734275,0.000005672952,0.000001844308,0.01502062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974075,0.00006778129,0.001196775,0.0005784371,0.00042907,3.100013e-7,2.940638e-7,0.00000288779,0.0003169589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2436143,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9954144,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01545763423113821,"score_gpt":0.2268144632048425,"score_spread":0.2113568289737043,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}