{"id":"W1971826614","doi":"10.1103/physrevb.76.035213","title":"Semiconductor optics in length gauge: A general numerical approach","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review B","topic":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Gauge (firearms); Brillouin zone; Discretization; Semiconductor; Gauge theory; Invariant (physics); Introduction to gauge theory; Classical mechanics; Quantum mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007377804,0.0005647853,0.0007068228,0.0008588551,0.0009103249,0.001322904,0.001939933,0.001311961,0.00366003],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00114294,0.0003626746,0.0008875373,0.0007918597,0.001548398,0.001587889,0.001352643,0.001187946,0.0008330449],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001232357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001237591,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002135583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00247147,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997552,0.0000722533,0.00001141691,0.00002693718,0.0001113613,0.00002286244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997538,0.00008621243,0.00002193228,0.00005511342,0.00005919746,0.00002372748],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000162412,0.000051996,0.0002703815,0.00008504047,0.00001443669,0.0001158285,0.0001338603,0.1426635,0.006356237,0.8405703,0.0005118834,0.009210302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002712887,0.00002559001,0.00009678554,0.00002228327,0.000007583715,0.00004366025,0.00002923171,0.8066348,0.0007768057,0.1876438,0.004672804,0.00001940389],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02340542,0.0006690024,0.9427301,0.0007464513,0.0001423138,0.0001663899,0.0001019015,0.0001778679,0.03186068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2648138,0.001855248,0.7108547,0.0006002554,0.0001916008,0.0008336133,0.0001326158,0.0002421023,0.02047617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00366003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01224399,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01476603589111623,"score_gpt":0.2914767428083648,"score_spread":0.2767107069172485,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}