{"id":"W1972080304","doi":"10.1503/cmaj.130814","title":"Delays in the submission of new drugs in Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Canadian Medical Association Journal","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques; Government of Canada; Mylan; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries","keywords":"Process (computing); Drug approval; Computer science; Medicine; Data science; Pharmacology; Drug","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003694601,0.0001657281,0.00115811,0.0004271127,0.00004706112,0.00004716367,0.000642448,0.0004091144,0.001892415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001146415,0.0001432761,0.0001984454,0.0003703314,0.00001315254,0.00005207171,0.00001762564,0.001519431,0.0001119411],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005014644,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01617593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.917375,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9865292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973845,0.0001481753,0.001636786,0.0001749843,0.0001721378,0.000483385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975796,0.0003986964,0.00096599,0.00013669,0.00002403414,0.0008949819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001125539,0.00001570648,0.007638025,0.0004215581,0.000070504,0.00005739166,0.0003287915,0.000006307356,6.678108e-10,0.00881053,0.2229559,0.7596942],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002749713,0.000005383068,0.00063481,0.0006032279,0.000009795487,0.00002774259,0.00003346547,0.0001686325,6.563777e-9,0.001680046,0.9964207,0.000141242],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002872721,0.9716861,0.000005284006,0.01535611,0.0008354788,0.0001838883,0.0001631311,0.00000108753,0.01148168],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001615753,0.9895543,0.000007278776,0.007830019,0.0008164797,0.000005565846,0.00001461094,0.00001793599,0.0001380075],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7734647,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.99902,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04566880837996752,"score_gpt":0.2918291202872215,"score_spread":0.246160311907254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}