{"id":"W1972571280","doi":"10.1016/j.ijar.2011.06.009","title":"Abnormality and randomness","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Approximate Reasoning","topic":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Randomness; Rotation formalisms in three dimensions; Property (philosophy); Class (philosophy); Circumscription; Certainty; Epistemology; Inference; Mathematical economics; Abnormality; Computer science; Mathematics; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy; Psychology; Statistics; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004316005,0.000583368,0.002384098,0.003296511,0.002085619,0.00550971,0.002048132,0.002930847,0.005973438],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03858098,0.0006103651,0.002041864,0.002112584,0.01136882,0.01033214,0.004512758,0.005194698,0.0006104317],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001860928,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001127026,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001286239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008033384,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9938914,0.002037232,0.0004656908,0.001255294,0.001804619,0.000545777],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9656982,0.0234886,0.00244931,0.005252358,0.002167319,0.0009442254],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007810019,0.00001587186,0.002018629,0.00004475351,0.00003647276,0.00018528,0.0001760332,0.007190006,0.0004021263,0.9812877,0.001140916,0.007424215],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001370977,0.00001456228,0.0004269876,0.000009144363,0.00001556621,0.0002209383,0.00004812708,0.01266449,0.000208764,0.9850526,0.00130956,0.00001554785],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2849082,0.006097557,0.6016383,0.0174688,0.0008046871,0.0001213447,0.0007849677,0.0008703751,0.08730567],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9646575,0.0009933966,0.02535031,0.000616952,0.0006364298,0.00008587813,0.0003552565,0.0001505411,0.007153762],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005973438,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02282548,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02325533282322928,"score_gpt":0.250869800108232,"score_spread":0.2276144672850027,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}