{"id":"W1972837226","doi":"10.1177/002221940203500304","title":"The Incidence and Nature of Letter Orientation Errors in Reading Disability","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Learning Disabilities","topic":"Reading and Literacy Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":84,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Reading (process); Orientation (vector space); Psychology; Copying; Reading disability; Dyslexia; Cognitive psychology; Developmental psychology; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007088634,0.0003026423,0.0002815083,0.002452051,0.0002672269,0.0005315109,0.0002878763,0.000729357,0.00111526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008307685,0.0003337071,0.0001842938,0.0004723292,0.0009015583,0.0006850855,0.000587312,0.0004579818,0.0003796572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002432704,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002073923,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002156773,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002226248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991418,0.0001450027,0.0001205125,0.0001587152,0.0002494356,0.0001845113],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9912951,0.002368005,0.00441067,0.0003377749,0.0008421082,0.0007463668],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001958463,0.00008272938,0.9916911,0.0000154389,0.00001601905,0.0008324552,0.0006120189,0.00003084589,0.002485047,0.0000219043,0.00004511172,0.003971376],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003146636,0.0001917511,0.9943678,0.000003468529,0.000007790717,0.004572462,0.0002937581,0.00005571782,0.0004288431,0.00001768968,0.00005221153,0.000005409674],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9997509,0.00004806853,0.00002341518,0.000006901945,0.000001219173,0.000001917489,0.00003854926,0.000003677595,0.0001254271],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999734,0.00004295817,0.00004752534,0.000004634552,0.000002670096,0.000002739867,0.00006867284,0.000001633122,0.00009518979],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002452051,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004288495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01616466474618974,"score_gpt":0.3083344120365843,"score_spread":0.2921697472903946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}