{"id":"W1972838826","doi":"10.1063/1.1796526","title":"Formation of monodisperse bubbles in a microfluidic flow-focusing device","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Letters","topic":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":629,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Microfluidics; Dispersity; Flow focusing; Volumetric flow rate; Volume fraction; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Bubble; Volume (thermodynamics); Two-phase flow; Viscosity; Mechanics; Range (aeronautics); Nanotechnology; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Chromatography; Physics; Polymer chemistry; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001002442,0.0001419098,0.0001606295,0.0001186341,0.0000247348,0.00001068879,0.000106961,0.000050545,0.000001993246],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001651738,0.0001608108,0.00002902142,0.0006222471,0.00005140826,0.0001815027,0.0000209675,0.0001421337,0.00001270237],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002011791,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001295147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001966162,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.101344e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992788,0.000003766971,0.0003108468,0.0001145615,0.0001073682,0.0001846536],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997302,0.000008926196,0.00005548651,0.0001615918,0.00003158602,0.00001216506],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005607737,0.00001810037,0.00001051002,0.00007961011,0.000008582308,0.000001076093,0.0008716027,0.004431497,0.9660716,0.02221135,0.0006471945,0.005643258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004407559,0.000004718477,0.00005508349,0.00005564445,0.000006354267,0.00000148273,0.000119055,0.0002571624,0.9970166,0.001433957,0.0004469246,0.0001622401],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5311892,0.00005806333,0.4673889,0.00005950884,0.00003457481,0.0001418434,0.00000499892,0.00009383279,0.001029053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996039,0.00001584597,0.003352198,0.0004131918,0.00005591144,0.00002871328,0.00006666753,0.00002781129,6.066218e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4648498,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6557676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01126899417988764,"score_gpt":0.2128231400133214,"score_spread":0.2015541458334338,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}