{"id":"W1972988401","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-3016.2009.01054.x","title":"<i>Z</i>‐scores and the birthweight paradox","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology","topic":"Birth, Development, and Health","field":"Medicine","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institutes of Health","keywords":"Medicine; Confounding; Parity (physics); Demography; Statistics; Econometrics; Mathematics; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001333914,0.0001620759,0.0005930199,0.00007811285,0.0001916804,0.000005813662,0.00006344311,0.0001468033,0.00004385623],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008177736,0.00009162796,0.00006251877,0.0001143162,0.00036288,0.00003842136,0.00004394482,0.0003063304,0.00002160699],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001426929,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007329922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008812195,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006569043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986262,0.0002320556,0.000380517,0.0003083749,0.00007091598,0.0003819185],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982719,0.001238315,0.0001078893,0.0001686932,0.00002684658,0.0001863375],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000532514,0.00002328344,0.2677462,0.0001166381,0.00002466024,0.00002647123,0.0003992081,2.609247e-7,0.000006151179,0.6805885,0.003346585,0.04718941],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002784773,0.0003684284,0.8077945,0.00001175464,0.00004859789,0.000539521,0.00004497837,0.0002478625,0.000004747387,0.1652624,0.02275846,0.0001340227],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8818873,0.05358041,0.0003487348,0.05570929,0.0002451231,0.0004417314,0.00001303648,0.0000704008,0.007703952],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7690496,0.2132275,0.001722254,0.0155086,0.0003869956,0.00001250144,0.00001066415,0.000006622799,0.00007525945],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5400482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.373648,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02633554744144623,"score_gpt":0.3067381442837515,"score_spread":0.2804025968423052,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}