{"id":"W1972992911","doi":"10.1021/ef1007962","title":"Soot Formation in Co- and Counter-flow Laminar Diffusion Flames of Binary Mixtures of Ethylene and Butane Isomers and Synergistic Effects","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Butane; Soot; Propane; Chemistry; Ethylene; Volume (thermodynamics); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry; Photochemistry; Combustion; Catalysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006029455,0.000661763,0.0004858224,0.0006337439,0.0004360541,0.0004804591,0.0003029431,0.0003652467,0.0005519999],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007350435,0.0003625932,0.0003897272,0.000322447,0.0005262325,0.0005923832,0.0004950764,0.0004071624,0.00008034128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005331412,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003404652,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0014291,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001638367,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995289,0.00007320048,0.00002624185,0.000121773,0.0001777041,0.00007231353],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994444,0.0001948972,0.0001318968,0.00002751724,0.0001065205,0.00009475046],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005700511,0.00002085877,0.001025867,0.00004971396,0.00001218594,0.00002574128,0.00004911983,0.0002059936,0.9968215,0.00009957581,0.000007632882,0.001111609],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001621064,0.0001955603,0.002374844,0.000004387733,0.00001944585,0.00003579676,0.00002259468,0.001048276,0.9960945,0.00003604626,0.0001465589,0.000005720937],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978771,0.0004976051,0.00115412,0.00001049854,0.00000930636,0.0000135728,0.0000325457,0.00001357208,0.0003916555],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972258,0.0003609784,0.001892855,0.00001034643,0.000007591374,0.00001602923,0.00005235072,0.00001120761,0.0004227493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0014291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003868282,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003602720873126681,"score_gpt":0.2117952439296312,"score_spread":0.2081925230565045,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}