{"id":"W1973097985","doi":"10.1056/nejmsa050004","title":"The Metrics of the Physician Brain Drain","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"New England Journal of Medicine","topic":"Global Health Workforce Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":759,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Emigration; Medicine; Immigration; Brain drain; Developed country; Country of origin; Physician supply; Developing country; Economic growth; Environmental health; Population; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","bibliometrics"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002475873,0.0003944897,0.0003144713,0.003820003,0.0007005232,0.002955978,0.0005060027,0.0005982863,0.007425272],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03326737,0.0001047344,0.0002173694,0.00494171,0.002148584,0.002872901,0.002548229,0.0007783174,0.0008056571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002360219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001859122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002608898,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002093859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975254,0.001214691,0.0001747062,0.0001794506,0.000596859,0.0003089244],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9815829,0.007675783,0.004361604,0.0006973948,0.00328063,0.002401639],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"incentives","domain_candidate":"incentives","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000330484,0.0001367321,0.578453,0.0004326073,0.0001849496,0.0003478279,0.004078037,0.008942217,0.000336316,0.1568475,0.05289868,0.1970116],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004575112,0.0004775259,0.6232533,0.0008139762,0.00007018125,0.002331046,0.01500191,0.0149096,0.0007728508,0.1884619,0.1537595,0.0001024183],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7237357,0.01660048,0.0206195,0.03473939,0.0008518476,0.0002035617,0.006873751,0.0002442076,0.1961315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9920994,0.001397306,0.002334192,0.0004011476,0.0002325035,0.00008206864,0.0006303806,0.00003414298,0.002788915],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9975241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02484006,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0371279140363971,"score_gpt":0.4164579259233022,"score_spread":0.3793300118869051,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}