{"id":"W1973110980","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.05.005","title":"Monitoring groundwater flow and chemical and isotopic composition at a demonstration site for carbon dioxide storage in a depleted natural gas reservoir","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Monash University; University of Calgary","keywords":"Aquifer; Groundwater; Brackish water; Carbon dioxide; Hydrology (agriculture); Carbonate; Dissolution; Groundwater flow; Geology; Hydraulic conductivity; Environmental science; Soil science; Chemistry; Soil water; Salinity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008475398,0.00009800881,0.00008297749,0.00001190123,0.00007530233,0.00001829233,0.0000343891,0.00008540734,0.00003662907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001076508,0.00009720822,0.00001504164,0.00004564698,0.00006886901,0.0001019133,0.00007463105,0.0001188006,0.000003696293],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001502386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002577939,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000090507,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006719407,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993955,0.000008689127,0.0001265387,0.0001912232,0.00008159267,0.0001964152],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997623,0.0000455105,0.00003644801,0.00008712263,0.000004822083,0.0000638213],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005199807,0.00003145038,0.07130737,0.00001223541,0.000002898813,8.516572e-7,0.0002404958,0.00002088937,0.9278232,0.00000961701,0.00003371103,0.0004652478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006079745,0.00001425327,0.08757526,0.00001580697,0.00001411456,0.00006275105,0.0001386176,0.005138813,0.9056907,0.0003318166,0.0002112166,0.0001986696],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975601,0.00006028774,0.00005736089,0.0001620024,0.00004750909,0.00018531,0.000002560061,0.00002303734,0.001901802],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984753,0.000005917241,0.001167189,0.00002862045,0.00008325951,0.00008951032,0.00005426645,0.000004977903,0.00009096057],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02213253,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3964036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008815868633128655,"score_gpt":0.2256813242553399,"score_spread":0.2168654556222113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}