{"id":"W1973276193","doi":"10.1080/15230430.2001.12003411","title":"Digital Analysis of Lichen Cover: A Technique for Use in Lichenometry and Licnenology","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research","topic":"Lichen and fungal ecology","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Brock University","funders":"","keywords":"Lichen; Thallus; Crustose; Remote sensing; Software; Physical geography; Geology; Geography; Computer science; Botany; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007023891,0.0001056989,0.0003469302,0.0002165911,0.0001111806,0.000059658,0.0001382058,0.0001311383,0.0001515414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005638437,0.00004958405,0.00006952673,0.001636773,0.0003388884,0.0001959874,0.0001863013,0.0002185843,0.000002733864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003172891,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001496492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002114885,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001204759,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987346,0.0001017696,0.0002485597,0.0003503274,0.0001493725,0.0004153593],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977483,0.001867806,0.00004888788,0.00007475504,0.0001458684,0.0001143864],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001797009,0.0001764877,0.9643134,0.00003139413,0.000168836,0.000008489812,0.0001104266,0.000001278443,0.01608516,0.0007246681,0.00003558179,0.01816452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003378726,0.0009782781,0.9899884,0.00001998635,0.00007310859,0.00002919531,0.0004933144,0.000788724,0.0002086586,0.001300975,0.005643683,0.0001377792],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971999,0.000319412,0.00007642493,0.001595404,0.00001002809,0.0004232835,0.0000451802,0.000009825629,0.0003205217],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981365,0.0009187117,0.0002356798,0.0001053389,0.00004275623,0.00007285609,0.0000506757,0.000001478198,0.0004360138],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02567497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3197087,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06748767350442036,"score_gpt":0.3192032533162028,"score_spread":0.2517155798117824,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}