{"id":"W1973654933","doi":"10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.03.014","title":"Heat transfer enhancement with the use of nanofluids in radial flow cooling systems considering temperature-dependent properties","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Thermal Engineering","topic":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":248,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université de Moncton","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Nanofluid; Materials science; Heat transfer coefficient; Heat transfer; Heat transfer enhancement; Thermodynamics; Coolant; Heat flux; Laminar flow; Mechanics; Film temperature; Nusselt number; Composite material; Reynolds number; Turbulence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003165733,0.000307117,0.000307417,0.0001175652,0.0002428695,0.0003439208,0.0002057414,0.0002520283,0.0004430026],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007320581,0.0001509394,0.0002082122,0.0001166927,0.0003267568,0.0005433917,0.0002042337,0.0002101913,0.00008645602],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002347103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001859949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003149585,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002823954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999199,0.0000344558,0.000003572912,0.00001210833,0.00001863394,0.00001141717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998282,0.0000903969,0.00002649917,0.0000127689,0.0000353946,0.000006743232],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005969667,0.00006122297,0.001117355,0.0002071137,0.00001348967,0.00008708621,0.000137745,0.02731884,0.9509107,0.003267138,0.000138273,0.01614406],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002946505,0.0002337746,0.001166835,0.0000113086,0.00004167204,0.00008112157,0.00002031562,0.1907875,0.8065173,0.0003866366,0.0007065721,0.00001759298],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9482174,0.000971911,0.04763453,0.0001196692,0.00002312992,0.00001976875,0.00001237142,0.0001116668,0.002889468],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994101,0.000162912,0.005378378,0.000005147208,0.000007941328,0.00000642944,0.000006539301,0.00001223343,0.0003193493],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0004430026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.001702964,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01095312355771834,"score_gpt":0.1535434590787456,"score_spread":0.1425903355210273,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}