{"id":"W1973812061","doi":"10.1021/es803483s","title":"Self-Sustaining Smoldering Combustion: A Novel Remediation Process for Non-Aqueous-Phase Liquids in Porous Media","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Combustion; Environmental remediation; Porous medium; Carbonization; Coal; Chemistry; Coal combustion products; Chemical engineering; Porosity; Waste management; Materials science; Adsorption; Contamination; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00100327,0.0002743838,0.0002845761,0.0004777525,0.000356638,0.00004111916,0.0008552911,0.0002398554,0.00008101601],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002033566,0.0002853635,0.00004131448,0.001587696,0.0008049174,0.0007517394,0.0002266841,0.0002857755,0.00008324473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001641658,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004416488,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002705051,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000484646,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971296,0.00001794149,0.0004437382,0.0008837208,0.0006361699,0.000888853],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991427,0.00006619912,0.0002039184,0.0004277913,0.000005763983,0.0001535973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000974481,0.001770679,0.03015081,0.00003476057,0.000006653387,0.00006369142,0.003494137,0.00299226,0.8365355,0.0002256393,0.00004436541,0.1245841],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01273089,0.006315457,0.1302135,0.0002336834,0.00006832899,0.0005439827,0.006486148,0.37502,0.4578851,0.003749653,0.004159647,0.002593553],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938517,0.00003786278,0.003151138,0.0008457181,0.000215167,0.001207296,0.000008795475,0.0002524121,0.0004299568],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942188,0.0000137056,0.00531781,0.0001635548,0.00004747612,0.0001839399,0.00001192737,0.00002165804,0.0000211338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3786503,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999598,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006489448188289571,"score_gpt":0.2447922967485405,"score_spread":0.2383028485602509,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}