{"id":"W1974125389","doi":"10.2118/121731-ms","title":"Mitigation of Reservoir Souring by Nitrate in a Produced Water Re-Injection System in Alberta","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Nitrate; Produced water; Biocide; Injection well; Calcium nitrate; Water injection (oil production); Environmental science; Water treatment; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Calcium; Geology; Petroleum engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001497343,0.0001065551,0.0001152311,0.00002871494,0.00002720267,0.0000210505,0.0001821418,0.00007269112,0.0001914127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001933237,0.00009299806,0.00003420142,0.00008216546,0.00002383069,0.0001424233,0.00004729189,0.0001233064,0.00003053769],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002683851,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003463515,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00111579,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003387631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998986,0.00001789863,0.0003024972,0.0002660163,0.0002780692,0.0001495273],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997311,0.00002706974,0.00006715339,0.0001323101,0.00001768616,0.00002471769],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006772064,0.0001272112,0.02349387,0.0000270571,0.000008407475,0.000006017432,0.0007675854,0.001473371,0.9727408,0.00003340428,0.0002948717,0.0009597359],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004351535,0.00003869297,0.004436288,0.0001043482,0.000002622759,0.000004692112,0.0002572233,0.0005996445,0.993357,0.0001108782,0.0005399124,0.0001135339],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9479569,0.000003992287,0.00004290896,0.004051433,0.00009827062,0.00007816006,0.000002243873,0.0000130303,0.04775301],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9928056,0.000006533043,0.00001963104,0.00008531038,0.00004566935,0.00001872599,0.00002778949,0.000005008215,0.006985749],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04484864,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3792351,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005081769978694022,"score_gpt":0.2085097008895384,"score_spread":0.2034279309108444,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}