{"id":"W1974972710","doi":"10.1016/s0161-6420(01)00888-0","title":"The Universal Standard Scale","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ophthalmology","topic":"Corneal surgery and disorders","field":"Medicine","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Eye Institute","keywords":"Hue; Brightness; Luminance; Keratometer; Contrast (vision); Medicine; Scale (ratio); Dioptre; Artificial intelligence; Standard deviation; Optics; Mathematics; Computer vision; Optometry; Ophthalmology; Cornea; Statistics; Computer science; Cartography; Physics; Geography; Visual acuity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008527115,0.0000566061,0.0001109017,0.00002224169,0.000130945,0.000005709746,0.00005170583,0.00005269166,0.002988136],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004891536,0.00003811627,0.00005558506,0.00009557891,0.0001419556,0.00002021035,0.00002294274,0.00009545917,0.0002326314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002214606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001586845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002810604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003365431,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995109,0.00003391198,0.00008023708,0.0001090312,0.00007981616,0.0001860406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995848,0.0001236431,0.00001995207,0.0001759744,0.00002846686,0.00006715724],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002155491,0.000478655,0.7063618,0.00004286661,0.0001769908,0.006550839,0.0007826526,0.00001344402,0.001027053,0.006450448,0.1387651,0.1371947],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003062538,0.001847862,0.2025657,0.0000284834,0.0001051686,0.01799011,0.001103948,0.0004622954,0.0004996239,0.003009701,0.7689855,0.0003391541],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7749679,0.0005161632,0.000010618,0.003275231,0.0002074977,0.00007108317,0.000002081466,0.00002192337,0.2209275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9823315,0.00006401213,0.00003821246,0.0001400443,0.00004757028,0.000003236107,0.000002078737,0.000006489347,0.01736686],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6302203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979233,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02372322995081104,"score_gpt":0.2614288915928686,"score_spread":0.2377056616420575,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}