{"id":"W1975087764","doi":"10.1016/s0961-9534(02)00131-9","title":"Emulsification of pyrolysis derived bio-oil in diesel fuel","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biomass and Bioenergy","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":300,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Natural Resources Canada","funders":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","keywords":"Emulsion; Diesel fuel; Cetane number; Emulsified fuel; Pulmonary surfactant; Pyrolysis; Viscosity; Heat of combustion; Kerosene; Fuel oil; Volume (thermodynamics); Chromatography; Pyrolysis oil; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Waste management; Organic chemistry; Biodiesel; Composite material; Combustion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005642723,0.0001118638,0.000149898,0.0001311605,0.00001466543,0.00001037908,0.00007773001,0.00009454435,0.00004199926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002882893,0.0000996801,0.00003198373,0.0003545627,0.00006347706,0.00005683242,0.00001576752,0.00002866682,0.000003292181],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002049842,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007951382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003636076,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003321103,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994103,0.00001561187,0.0001962828,0.0001501586,0.00008013228,0.00014746],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997267,0.00002718835,0.00003392778,0.0001302174,0.0000302843,0.00005174208],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006681625,0.00002329203,0.001747838,0.0001303185,0.00002007392,0.000001304363,0.00004598508,0.000004323526,0.9912063,0.0007459523,0.00003069042,0.006037228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002952366,0.00001362078,0.002336011,0.00001817445,0.000008650947,0.000001537745,0.00009483082,0.0001241336,0.994059,0.0001781603,0.002737267,0.0001333785],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956654,0.002872546,0.00008829024,0.00005816333,0.00007190018,0.00001827406,0.00000668858,0.00006185596,0.001156849],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989487,0.0006550291,0.00029916,0.00001006227,0.000008613929,0.000008934213,0.000008660099,0.00001254585,0.00004829216],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005903849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4064837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008811586043419492,"score_gpt":0.1912958431084254,"score_spread":0.1824842570650059,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}