{"id":"W1975749721","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0012565","title":"Drag-Based ‘Hovering’ in Ducks: The Hydrodynamics and Energetic Cost of Bottom Feeding","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Company of Biologists; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Neutral buoyancy; Buoyancy; Drag; Mechanics; Paddle; Marine engineering; Perpendicular; Propulsion; Physics; Work (physics); Position (finance); Geology; Geometry; Mathematics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00009698288,0.0002438707,0.0003757997,0.0003454362,0.0003575472,0.0005763916,0.0002669168,0.0003581866,0.00106941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000438377,0.0003047254,0.0002125211,0.0002033257,0.0003735326,0.0003456456,0.0003323364,0.0002344785,0.0002081745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008469732,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002497259,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0137482,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01916525,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999343,0.000008793652,0.000005418687,0.00001961251,0.00001446973,0.00001749374],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999808,0.00004029258,0.00005659008,0.0000124083,0.00002686233,0.00005583108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005788595,0.0001652489,0.3713201,0.0003513003,0.0001562346,0.000864059,0.000500027,0.02949239,0.5469967,0.0007425448,0.0005586866,0.04827392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000758867,0.0001397877,0.9714426,0.00001083055,0.00002005702,0.0002744233,0.0002248797,0.0215802,0.005701885,0.0001940451,0.0003834292,0.00002022455],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9984592,0.00009191904,0.0008436354,0.0000216746,0.000002639095,0.000003488469,0.00006499947,0.00001811765,0.0004942648],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979918,0.00007592117,0.001094812,0.00001872565,0.000003216819,0.00000980091,0.0001252654,0.00001139896,0.0006690416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0137482,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02733636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01306547387268868,"score_gpt":0.1777700036658369,"score_spread":0.1647045297931482,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}