{"id":"W1975783365","doi":"10.1037/a0012842","title":"Heuristics and biases as measures of critical thinking: Associations with cognitive ability and thinking dispositions.","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Educational Psychology","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":422,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; York University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Heuristics; Psychology; Critical thinking; Cognition; Variance (accounting); Cognitive psychology; Need for cognition; Divergent thinking; Convergent thinking; Social psychology; Creative thinking; Creativity; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003164585,0.0003794587,0.0002470931,0.002388697,0.0003103367,0.001215149,0.0003427766,0.0005418282,0.001348365],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04574642,0.0001862991,0.0004145042,0.00120975,0.001381774,0.0009479129,0.001028491,0.00134528,0.0001708277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004180426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004712312,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005185038,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001037329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982045,0.0006815057,0.0002175649,0.0001597844,0.0006414756,0.00009517813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9321065,0.04452169,0.01650422,0.002646351,0.002428273,0.001792901],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002201811,0.0004939473,0.9586389,0.0001111456,0.0002019672,0.00007257387,0.002000889,0.0004273223,0.001323189,0.002043459,0.0003165196,0.03414987],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002158421,0.0004598978,0.9884353,0.0000582688,0.00006383746,0.0005229929,0.001064393,0.0008894686,0.0009020822,0.006713687,0.00083925,0.00002920867],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993416,0.0008991216,0.001730447,0.0001745908,0.00003892239,0.0000509507,0.00008174234,0.00001515401,0.003593019],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976619,0.0002708891,0.001563105,0.00006727984,0.00001773921,0.00005566381,0.00007255092,0.000003293516,0.0002876146],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003164585,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01673615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1028765984406776,"score_gpt":0.4398961871966926,"score_spread":0.337019588756015,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}