{"id":"W1975879435","doi":"10.1097/01.mlr.0000129494.36245.4b","title":"Drug Spending in Canada","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Care","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; U.S. Food and Drug Administration","keywords":"Per capita; Medical prescription; Inflation (cosmology); Drug prices; Public economics; Drug; Investment (military); Economics; Prescription drug; Demographic economics; Medicine; Environmental health; Pharmacology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001708438,0.00007958207,0.0002178329,0.00007286934,0.00002881103,0.00001442301,0.0002139658,0.00004491716,0.002004723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001144278,0.00009260752,0.000038091,0.0001091736,0.00002316018,0.0000511,0.00005383952,0.0002251163,0.0003207448],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001209058,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004812417,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8294362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9417688,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991099,0.000004535834,0.0003499766,0.0002034868,0.00004432385,0.0002877321],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995333,0.0000283523,0.0000512646,0.0001233668,0.000004734842,0.0002589604],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009925608,0.00004160481,0.5100766,0.00008349556,0.00001964949,0.0002457142,0.001954972,0.0005188637,0.000001175816,0.4762241,0.003543656,0.007280164],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004646627,0.00002699106,0.1689749,0.0001047543,0.000004147437,0.00002088771,0.001414794,0.001869232,0.0003025141,0.08445814,0.737322,0.0008550588],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9097204,0.002257723,0.00003785016,0.00795985,0.0006552506,0.00007815476,0.00009067956,0.00001099595,0.07918914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953117,0.0001279802,0.00003761805,0.004311448,0.0001357156,0.000006214624,0.00001054629,0.00001041944,0.00004835417],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7337784,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989076,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03267895508712495,"score_gpt":0.2637878098878245,"score_spread":0.2311088548006995,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}