{"id":"W1976180794","doi":"10.1002/alt.20046","title":"Investment disputes' model treaty encourage more arbitration use","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alternatives to the High Cost of Litigation","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Pacific Railway (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Treaty; Arbitration; Investment (military); Bilateral investment treaty; Business; Law; Law and economics; International trade; Political science; International investment; Economics; Foreign direct investment","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001914062,0.0001761166,0.0001415305,0.0001748837,0.0001646582,0.0002296711,0.0002709807,0.0000354274,0.00004195464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001167509,0.0001327124,0.00007569119,0.000258481,0.00009543337,0.002147936,0.00007182646,0.00009334868,0.0001227753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001156583,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003921544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009205306,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001645181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987037,0.00001483423,0.0003634179,0.0002465075,0.0005014405,0.0001700841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991005,0.00004044443,0.0002984969,0.0002329271,0.0003035147,0.00002410129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003649865,0.0001171739,0.0004167784,0.00001546583,0.00003303284,0.000001234712,0.0004997937,0.05178799,0.002578468,0.9439649,0.0004342836,0.000114368],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.004385171,0.0001847177,0.1143991,0.0004830485,0.0001925288,0.00000509293,0.0004778577,0.2789866,0.07703754,0.4910269,0.03176623,0.0010553],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9332224,0.0000111763,0.02959519,0.01539463,0.0004111907,0.0009600367,0.00003360504,0.00008749995,0.02028432],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9671472,0.000007007809,0.001745,0.02989897,0.000485485,0.0001061593,0.000211723,0.00001915295,0.000379332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.452938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5411854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0290887936176017,"score_gpt":0.2543324904822929,"score_spread":0.2252436968646912,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}