{"id":"W1976686517","doi":"10.2136/vzj2010.0125","title":"Drainage under Nonequilibrium Conditions: Exploring Wettability and Dynamic Contact Angle Effects Using Bundle‐Of‐Tubes Simulations","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Vadose Zone Journal","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University; Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Wetting; Contact angle; Mechanics; Saturation (graph theory); Non-equilibrium thermodynamics; Wetting transition; Materials science; Work (physics); Thermodynamics; Capillary action; Composite material; Physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005828586,0.0005326241,0.0008609782,0.000679149,0.0004503152,0.0008234469,0.0008464245,0.00119797,0.000768847],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002368076,0.0003903597,0.0006486804,0.0006499249,0.000514151,0.001149446,0.0005114721,0.0006353614,0.00006803184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007756811,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008069186,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01024575,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007188402,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998322,0.00005037127,0.000009031467,0.00002755594,0.00003533303,0.00004555841],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987555,0.0008845967,0.00009633245,0.00004673658,0.0001220151,0.00009484763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007520749,0.0001725837,0.006523292,0.00005829798,0.000033514,0.0001503868,0.000109104,0.9821845,0.006864813,0.001558281,0.0001501022,0.002119998],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006541708,0.00001376464,0.0003155319,0.000001982251,0.000002299923,0.000003673056,0.00001036451,0.9989495,0.0005021586,0.000132648,0.00005890508,0.000002733986],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889408,0.0001593537,0.009038916,0.00009856724,0.00001364962,0.00003207217,0.0001205619,0.00007429327,0.001521723],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941095,0.0001324476,0.005224404,0.00002452167,0.000007095644,0.00004402549,0.0001233969,0.00003183042,0.0003027362],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01024575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02037221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03968783221091948,"score_gpt":0.2573715090064861,"score_spread":0.2176836767955666,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}