{"id":"W1976985316","doi":"10.1111/1467-8446.00064","title":"Real Wages in Australia and Canada, 1870–1913: Globalization versus Productivity","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Australian Economic History Review","topic":"Australian History and Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; Immigration; Economics; Wage; Labour economics; Economic rent; Real wages; Globalization; Efficiency wage; Wage growth; Slowdown; Demographic economics; Market economy; Geography; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008407949,0.000216818,0.0004369538,0.00003163999,0.0002418087,0.0000182847,0.0002537599,0.0001462382,0.009327048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004876497,0.0002628511,0.00008505776,0.00009521109,0.0004789083,0.0004470392,0.00001267455,0.0002126726,0.0001978761],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008940998,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001168115,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9241406,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9472911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980505,0.0003487736,0.0004630387,0.0005066321,0.0001675723,0.000463455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992222,0.00004005924,0.0001614056,0.0003074935,0.00002207969,0.0002467842],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004570105,0.00005509489,0.05458139,0.0006457758,0.00004364841,0.00003417936,0.003616468,0.00003005444,0.000007022455,0.01161474,0.9239054,0.005420472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002759117,0.00001958723,0.02929706,0.0002124036,0.00004207044,0.000002233137,0.0001742033,3.28191e-7,0.00000176491,0.00001243706,0.9696728,0.0002892076],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9721338,0.003778094,1.495396e-7,0.001939591,0.001664263,0.0007924401,0.00004431815,0.00007080499,0.01957654],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8110625,0.03732285,0.00007672849,0.0003181377,0.000366031,0.00004981554,0.00003418239,0.00002430802,0.1507454],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1610713,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999824,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06033954039640224,"score_gpt":0.3056706008315276,"score_spread":0.2453310604351253,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}