{"id":"W1977281769","doi":"10.3390/en3020155","title":"Recent Advances in Direct Coal Liquefaction","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"National High-tech Research and Development Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Coal; Coal liquefaction; Liquefaction; Petroleum; Environmental science; Waste management; Energy security; Petroleum engineering; Natural resource economics; Chemistry; Engineering; Renewable energy; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009201808,0.0005661611,0.0005075681,0.001277073,0.0002233441,0.0009616439,0.0004642856,0.0005899933,0.004083558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007958804,0.0003285899,0.0003870375,0.001843359,0.0003509055,0.001483262,0.0006633979,0.0008003996,0.001797356],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004792052,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006237912,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006872686,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008686541,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997159,0.00002716002,0.00003846404,0.00007454451,0.0001105579,0.00003336381],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993974,0.0002237162,0.00009272684,0.00002918843,0.0001995319,0.00005746109],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002786236,0.0001993639,0.001405302,0.008622304,0.00006215819,0.000321863,0.0001636567,0.001679518,0.05312833,0.008326177,0.006777971,0.9190347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002240933,0.0007629972,0.004265589,0.0007546706,0.0002002082,0.001875135,0.0002156479,0.002551201,0.07851252,0.003668006,0.9071115,0.00006027079],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.01744948,0.9531639,0.00735682,0.001694855,0.0007139204,0.00002424959,0.0001223071,0.00008382475,0.01939059],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04976558,0.9360108,0.005805432,0.0005478758,0.001192934,0.00002128744,0.0002383933,0.00001839913,0.006399348],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004083558,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01366079,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004592409445019359,"score_gpt":0.2097448689379377,"score_spread":0.2051524594929184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}