{"id":"W1977281769","doi":"10.3390/en3020155","title":"Recent Advances in Direct Coal Liquefaction","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"National High-tech Research and Development Program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Coal; Coal liquefaction; Liquefaction; Petroleum; Environmental science; Waste management; Energy security; Petroleum engineering; Natural resource economics; Chemistry; Engineering; Renewable energy; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003166972,0.00006548755,0.00006717266,0.00004535727,0.00001159269,0.00001022743,0.00006853787,0.0000537331,0.0002162655],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003461844,0.00006174711,0.00001281825,0.00009824801,0.00002014582,0.0001760489,0.00001241886,0.0001086878,0.00002650112],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001729682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005711662,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003184001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006397221,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996786,0.000004197358,0.0000762839,0.00007993337,0.00005832104,0.00010265],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999838,0.00003555946,0.000009235149,0.00008053556,0.00001243368,0.00002425616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009982135,0.00001074232,0.0005181979,0.0000301871,0.000004028476,0.000002718592,0.00009944107,0.004578638,0.8892386,0.0001412149,0.0005212399,0.104845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000686032,0.000003685351,0.000339151,0.000006071159,9.644285e-7,8.63054e-7,0.00003983132,0.0001157081,0.7905375,0.0001413466,0.2086741,0.00007214161],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811389,0.003233991,0.000005479154,0.0000522727,0.0006701598,0.00002214845,0.000001450251,0.0002984402,0.01457714],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9947379,0.004952292,0.0001383849,0.00001422378,0.00004898542,0.00001005086,0.000003284993,0.00001046079,0.00008446085],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2081528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2517974,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004592409445019359,"score_gpt":0.2097448689379377,"score_spread":0.2051524594929184,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}