{"id":"W1978098673","doi":"10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00020.1","title":"Glacier Change, Concentration, and Elevation Effects in the Karakoram Himalaya, Upper Indus Basin","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mountain Research and Development","topic":"Cryospheric studies and observations","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":322,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; International Development Research Centre; Wilfrid Laurier University","keywords":"Glacier; Elevation (ballistics); Accumulation zone; Geology; Glacier mass balance; Climate change; Glacier ice accumulation; Physical geography; Ablation zone; Indus; Structural basin; Snow; Snow line; Cirque glacier; Debris; Global warming; Climatology; Geomorphology; Ice stream; Cryosphere; Snow cover; Oceanography; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001043351,0.0000801599,0.00008466791,0.00003318061,0.0003965004,0.00008057155,0.00009332354,0.00004136475,0.0001899827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008263914,0.00005266128,0.000005648015,0.0003175821,0.0001255506,0.0001549055,0.00002451933,0.0001520986,0.00002403656],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001300973,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006631139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002893845,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002975264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989158,0.0001216096,0.0001384752,0.000186983,0.0003155823,0.0003215716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994961,0.0002612364,0.00002015416,0.0000816522,0.00007306423,0.00006782003],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002422898,0.00002105038,0.9487535,0.00001542609,0.000006216007,0.00000768907,0.008409722,5.097767e-7,0.000002816851,0.0006658655,0.0003965629,0.04169641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002370829,0.0001044419,0.9765489,0.00001489686,0.000001020672,0.000002514158,0.002313741,0.0001832789,0.00003805296,0.0006431545,0.01984045,0.00007243997],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962857,0.001241036,0.00006581433,0.0007018255,0.00004727405,0.0005005902,0.000003005757,0.000007510347,0.001147275],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974777,0.0003451434,0.001366955,0.0005888043,0.00004100301,0.00004467689,0.00003217629,0.000001883136,0.0001016437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04162397,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4374647,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1326943052892984,"score_gpt":0.2963744268096412,"score_spread":0.1636801215203428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}