{"id":"W1978273071","doi":"10.7202/1026130ar","title":"Tort Law, Risk, and Technological Innovation in England","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"McGill Law Journal","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tort; Law; Action (physics); Function (biology); Industrial Revolution; Technological change; Law and economics; Business; Political science; Economics; Liability","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001704437,0.0001624124,0.0003906007,0.001169154,0.003427486,0.005762872,0.0006568127,0.003899747,0.004126487],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006268183,0.0003069938,0.0002573485,0.001058,0.01152002,0.005556374,0.003424681,0.003452283,0.000298092],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02363577,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006346456,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1361353,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.120989,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980589,0.0006042011,0.0001389932,0.0001916228,0.0005780825,0.0004281662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956107,0.003164911,0.0005408814,0.0001483827,0.0003107385,0.0002244831],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001250952,0.00001668683,0.0008453063,0.00004151433,0.000002391337,0.0004624596,0.005280566,0.0005608501,0.0001023715,0.9869218,0.001407775,0.004345755],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000694892,0.00009324079,0.01282626,0.0005963354,0.00002008256,0.001012993,0.007273289,0.002230652,0.0003688364,0.6722471,0.3031434,0.0001182401],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3813174,0.09150977,0.006615791,0.1087574,0.0007324385,0.00009600226,0.0002581478,0.00004820874,0.410665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9579858,0.008344108,0.0006406198,0.002528307,0.0002959859,0.00003422422,0.00002256825,0.00001036735,0.03013803],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9965725,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2706859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02397222182131969,"score_gpt":0.2921081569411231,"score_spread":0.2681359351198034,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}