{"id":"W1978426087","doi":"10.1177/1352458512465136","title":"Observational studies of treatment effectiveness: useful, useless or somewhere in between?","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"letter","venue":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","topic":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Observational study; Multiple sclerosis; Medicine; Internal medicine; Psychiatry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001301622,0.001004062,0.003414871,0.001105673,0.0003463311,0.0001254566,0.0005144788,0.0009123074,0.0003923111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003356768,0.0006625659,0.0007905161,0.0007542341,0.000610525,0.0004023386,0.0002892418,0.003086273,0.00007715883],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002992463,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001007264,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003598132,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001961651,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9931516,0.001133295,0.001887099,0.0008609972,0.001724597,0.001242433],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9897616,0.006581466,0.0009925935,0.0007317009,0.001639097,0.0002935446],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006296823,0.0004800913,0.7497696,0.002053332,0.004270426,0.0002517561,0.0008014038,0.00006807026,0.004850004,6.678829e-7,0.2269915,0.009833446],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01090746,0.002021243,0.9378891,0.008068943,0.0004957477,0.00005941834,0.0004402001,0.0001014287,0.002042559,0.00003113719,0.03734932,0.000593453],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9087215,0.004348552,0.00003217977,0.08267161,0.0006807723,0.002993429,0.0004262848,0.00007005571,0.00005560999],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9077419,0.04088293,0.004547246,0.02841465,0.01327996,0.001846844,0.0006293188,0.0005026555,0.002154496],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1896422,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995825,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5150001251313869,"score_gpt":0.4097802727572487,"score_spread":0.1052198523741383,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}