{"id":"W1978430008","doi":"10.1680/geot.2005.55.6.467","title":"Shear strength of cohesionless soils at low stress","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Géotechnique","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":92,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Shearing (physics); Geotechnical engineering; Dilatant; Direct shear test; Soil water; Geology; Shear (geology); Effective stress; Shear stress; Grain size; Shear strength (soil); Materials science; Soil science; Composite material; Geomorphology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001411353,0.0001082477,0.000141255,0.00002561854,0.0000727824,0.000006830416,0.0002044856,0.0001765516,0.002925943],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000008728373,0.00008163841,0.0000627965,0.000129897,0.0001282942,0.00008483173,0.0002125181,0.0001487701,0.0002487402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001296329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007666003,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001313672,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001050169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991376,0.00002656976,0.0001957944,0.0002017544,0.0002253082,0.000212985],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995406,0.00002182739,0.00007496503,0.0002760429,0.000005782087,0.00008073175],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002896994,0.001585861,0.09725625,0.0001701036,0.00009974602,0.00008692007,0.001989758,0.02831861,0.3850964,0.001548906,0.08241338,0.4011444],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003803582,0.000110877,0.01781243,0.0001066133,0.00001785975,0.00001919193,0.00002550305,0.00227543,0.9361452,0.0002600652,0.04254895,0.0002974764],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857424,0.00004595717,0.0008539998,0.0003443031,0.00004188911,0.0001986113,0.00002695665,0.0001094598,0.01263638],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936323,0.0001345999,0.004156473,0.00009973195,0.00003889972,0.00001191995,0.000008322186,0.00001423327,0.001903587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5510488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9979855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005105476832877627,"score_gpt":0.2128591896906776,"score_spread":0.2077537128577999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}