{"id":"W1978444407","doi":"10.1142/s0219477504001896","title":"PHYSICAL MODEL FOR LOW FREQUENCY NOISE IN AVALANCHE BREAKDOWN OF PN JUNCTIONS","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fluctuation and Noise Letters","topic":"Plasma Diagnostics and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Microplasma; Impact ionization; Noise (video); Materials science; Optoelectronics; Ionization; Avalanche breakdown; Plasma; Diffusion; Diode; Spice; Single-photon avalanche diode; Computational physics; Atomic physics; Physics; Electrical engineering; Breakdown voltage; Avalanche photodiode; Optics; Computer science; Voltage; Ion; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003367054,0.00007796946,0.0000991953,0.0000718421,0.00002907649,0.0000100629,0.00004288539,0.00003155767,0.000001940273],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002172072,0.0000815383,0.00003270704,0.0001066079,0.00002652206,0.00007179024,0.000005206773,0.00006087362,0.000007835714],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003454369,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001177431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000180604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003001676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995971,0.000002799854,0.0001311119,0.0001021739,0.00006049057,0.0001062618],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999783,0.00004721953,0.00001936327,0.00009538378,0.00001979298,0.00003528639],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003190382,0.00005809429,0.00008330917,0.00004322379,0.000009182819,3.270847e-7,0.0006800015,0.6499089,0.3423952,0.005134171,0.0009253186,0.0007591175],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008575666,0.00001112836,0.005894204,0.00003305046,0.00002042369,0.000001110122,0.00001604641,0.9607848,0.02311017,0.00905144,0.00007423732,0.0001458519],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9012021,0.000009817147,0.09670187,0.001601711,0.00005201222,0.0001988633,0.00005658502,0.00004048701,0.000136524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957196,0.00002056085,0.003729746,0.000291202,0.00005031454,0.0001161097,0.00004970998,0.00001276644,0.00001006106],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.319285,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3325036,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008406301378144852,"score_gpt":0.213091497463628,"score_spread":0.2046851960854832,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}