{"id":"W1978606925","doi":"10.1007/s10763-006-9059-2","title":"Undergraduate Students’ Conceptions of Mathematics: An International Study","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education","topic":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Phenomenography; Science education; Connected Mathematics; Core-Plus Mathematics Project; Minor (academic); Focus (optics); Pedagogy; Mathematics; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006331329,0.0001397195,0.0002648653,0.000820603,0.0001107274,0.0001715088,0.001225428,0.0000416936,0.00005896788],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005717441,0.0001167761,0.00005480406,0.0003108173,0.000568287,0.0007269316,0.000127741,0.0001478867,0.000003710131],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001943866,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007224051,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001588967,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001759848,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966863,0.00004924199,0.001080198,0.0001808625,0.001832974,0.0001703879],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9936003,0.0008903829,0.001217286,0.0002478256,0.00388159,0.000162596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007000907,0.02096886,0.04949714,0.0001521778,0.0004738844,0.00001496904,0.08703942,0.00000995907,0.01805499,0.7822413,0.002550139,0.03892713],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001325334,0.0005474816,0.04899106,0.0003284533,0.0002033789,0.0004448319,0.2370726,0.0002130721,0.006648446,0.7027344,0.001164898,0.0003260619],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9434856,0.00002125155,0.05012401,0.0004815658,0.004039337,0.0002757564,0.000009791774,0.00001568577,0.001547047],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7530605,0.00005905293,0.2463022,0.00006237267,0.0002276517,0.00000514166,0.000002162799,0.00001102599,0.0002699842],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1961782,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6844724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1607390669906466,"score_gpt":0.5245038110356786,"score_spread":0.363764744045032,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}