{"id":"W1978607171","doi":"10.7771/1932-6246.1063","title":"The Paradigm Recursion: Is It More Accessible When Introduced in Middle School?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Problem Solving","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Recursion (computer science); Curriculum; Mathematics education; Logo (programming language); GRASP; Computer science; Pedagogy; Psychology; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00428244,0.0001740975,0.0004311561,0.001002093,0.0023052,0.005232804,0.00100007,0.001837912,0.008897858],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01404413,0.0003027655,0.0004588875,0.0006643463,0.003623114,0.008465412,0.004146734,0.002685633,0.001060762],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001860596,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002750549,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003720931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004924545,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961248,0.001428649,0.0001017643,0.0005996339,0.0008664543,0.0008786666],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946997,0.001763149,0.001142148,0.0003951379,0.0005140999,0.00148576],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004242942,0.002083788,0.194471,0.0005321268,0.00003126594,0.002194514,0.4154589,0.0001217614,0.01383385,0.0720235,0.007570382,0.2912546],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001167539,0.001535023,0.273623,0.001266092,0.00007328723,0.003510861,0.4152395,0.0008675425,0.005097415,0.05749616,0.2410109,0.0001635137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9512098,0.0009349013,0.006217537,0.006378523,0.0001272308,0.0000549776,0.00003838007,0.00007898403,0.03495963],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917332,0.0005072554,0.002351041,0.0009593523,0.00003767616,0.00005127316,0.0000300221,0.0000435087,0.004286645],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008897858,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02976632,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03371776051882189,"score_gpt":0.29087949064845,"score_spread":0.2571617301296282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}