{"id":"W1978758752","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02177.x","title":"The many and conflicting histories of medical education in Canada and the USA: an introduction to the paradigm wars","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Education","topic":"Innovations in Medical Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Wilson Centre; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Interpretation (philosophy); Context (archaeology); Diversity (politics); Field (mathematics); Sociology; Social science; Medical education; Engineering ethics; Epistemology; Medicine; History; Anthropology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003338939,0.0001207448,0.0002041888,0.0000973838,0.0002854706,0.00002989891,0.0002553131,0.0001149634,0.0002012823],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01324466,0.00006485234,0.00001665017,0.0004758933,0.0005756827,0.0001132749,0.0000496116,0.0005492356,0.000002087472],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006443661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01581889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2960781,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6339064,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997464,0.0002113365,0.0005959917,0.0002604607,0.001255889,0.0002123078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986726,0.0003192823,0.0001706009,0.000438293,0.0002223064,0.000176911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001036439,0.0002560772,0.01992254,0.00005462401,0.00001682383,2.966535e-7,0.006137114,0.000003669729,0.000006456622,0.06276993,0.1154371,0.7952917],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009041647,0.00006046905,0.145246,0.00013591,0.00005391497,0.0001663825,0.00974643,0.0044638,0.00003871273,0.0004238457,0.838644,0.0001162887],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5147294,0.0005334147,0.00008112887,0.4826961,0.001494493,0.0003507801,2.898187e-7,0.000005154775,0.0001091588],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9698663,0.0003340931,0.0003783156,0.02593408,0.002726153,0.000202481,0.00003095819,0.00001303181,0.0005146078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7951754,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9950672,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007113854087715651,"score_gpt":0.3228164294309105,"score_spread":0.3157025753431949,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}