{"id":"W1978775167","doi":"10.1002/elps.200500871","title":"Joule heating effects on separation efficiency in capillary zone electrophoresis with an initial voltage ramp","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electrophoresis","topic":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Joule heating; Voltage; Mechanics; Capillary action; Pressure gradient; Dispersion (optics); Electric field; Chemistry; Temperature gradient; Viscosity; Joule effect; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Thermal; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Thermodynamics; Chromatography; Physics; Optics; Composite material; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000242178,0.0005591016,0.0005114141,0.0005130934,0.000300194,0.0001179822,0.000345632,0.0002414651,0.00006938242],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001874182,0.0005336491,0.0001036825,0.001455914,0.00007197974,0.000199224,0.0000205575,0.0005668266,0.00006776704],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004931667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001209213,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004920943,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004739612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969699,0.0001387311,0.0005581791,0.0006882176,0.0005109358,0.00113398],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988924,0.0001567973,0.00008860739,0.0006211807,0.00008057821,0.0001604482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002981877,0.0002419159,0.0005471491,0.00006748004,0.00004253462,0.00008551258,0.0001001453,0.001939521,0.9817603,0.001898934,0.01069087,0.002327485],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001230458,0.001795186,0.007591585,0.00006862287,0.00005864628,0.00005139347,0.00002932517,0.00449569,0.979322,0.0006027321,0.003928315,0.000826086],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9713106,0.01498892,0.00934416,0.00005142612,0.00006425664,0.0007541282,0.000009007714,0.0004593937,0.003018105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929183,0.005520181,0.0002417629,0.0001312479,0.0004048153,0.0003272763,0.0001777791,0.0001543624,0.0001243031],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02160767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003477087708912211,"score_gpt":0.2149157866050733,"score_spread":0.211438698896161,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}