{"id":"W1978792577","doi":"10.1016/j.still.2008.10.028","title":"Ammonia volatilization following surface application of urea to tilled and no-till soils: A laboratory comparison","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Soil and Tillage Research","topic":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":141,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Soil water; Urea; Ammonia volatilization from urea; Volatilisation; Chemistry; Urease; Tillage; Environmental chemistry; Ammonia; Incubation; Agronomy; Animal science; Environmental science; Soil science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003832423,0.0003976336,0.0005017435,0.0002136623,0.0004226702,0.0004881919,0.0004628563,0.0005561101,0.0007491072],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007853923,0.0002447011,0.0004006579,0.0002476082,0.000468646,0.0006013159,0.0002471685,0.0005490975,0.0001460531],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006668541,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001005013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008013153,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009501227,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997857,0.00003293499,0.00001440435,0.00007077476,0.00004986156,0.00004638557],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995546,0.0001732245,0.00007110175,0.00004205174,0.00009065271,0.00006837489],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.006466012,0.0003010562,0.004096754,0.00007665618,0.0000428914,0.00006462027,0.0001335913,0.00017653,0.9844794,0.00004522645,0.00004059598,0.004076733],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001661712,0.005854854,0.0454442,0.000008565919,0.00008557032,0.0001723623,0.0001840625,0.001716518,0.9456979,0.0001258141,0.0005216982,0.00002233215],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990239,0.0001194292,0.0003873661,0.00001081207,0.00001974713,0.0000186838,0.0001161398,0.000009884167,0.000294068],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973987,0.0001764284,0.0007573086,0.00002862127,0.00001939823,0.000051592,0.0002899271,0.00001360616,0.001264339],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008013153,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01593304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04078151318210928,"score_gpt":0.3049529501125221,"score_spread":0.2641714369304128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}