{"id":"W1978970064","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2005.03.037","title":"Electrokinetic generation of temporally and spatially stable concentration gradients in microchannels","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Electrokinetic phenomena; Microscale chemistry; Microfluidics; Laminar flow; Diffusion; Pressure gradient; Mechanics; Concentration gradient; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Voltage; Analyte; Chemistry; Materials science; Range (aeronautics); Nanotechnology; Chromatography; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002444357,0.00005475475,0.0001072438,0.00009446614,0.00003486342,0.00003301117,0.00008604193,0.00001966686,0.000007167504],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001406704,0.00004895024,0.00001070026,0.000212762,0.00008377693,0.0002649645,0.000009629021,0.00006604787,3.142603e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005477029,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007900144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004653179,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001446872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994181,0.000008457918,0.0002655175,0.00007019433,0.0001210406,0.0001167257],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997232,0.000008652681,0.00008040349,0.00004284853,0.00009763009,0.0000472814],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007051045,0.00001227319,0.000313937,0.000007743846,0.000002862036,6.563501e-8,0.000262901,0.0007029356,0.9974033,0.000118236,0.0006389833,0.0005297057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002284601,0.0001459729,0.001384519,0.00002864187,0.000004297203,0.00002256964,0.00004093874,0.007332101,0.9895047,0.00004438321,0.001215143,0.00004830201],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9811695,0.01463182,0.00385804,0.00008211837,0.00004275347,0.00007079738,0.000001099639,0.000002892698,0.0001409872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9827764,0.016781,0.0003681172,0.00001302248,0.0000338045,0.00000100404,2.444979e-7,0.000003303317,0.00002307093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007898634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1996133,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007419168710070001,"score_gpt":0.218621281979502,"score_spread":0.211202113269432,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}