{"id":"W1979981785","doi":"10.1021/ie300629a","title":"Circulating-Fluidized-Bed-Based Calcium-Looping Gasifier: Experimental Studies on the Calcination–Carbonation Cycle","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Chemical Looping and Thermochemical Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph; Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Carbonation; Calcium looping; Calcination; Sorbent; Chemical engineering; Fluidized bed; Calcium oxide; Syngas; Materials science; Integrated gasification combined cycle; Chemical looping combustion; Elutriation; Waste management; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Adsorption; Catalysis; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009677623,0.0002861999,0.0002600077,0.00008072772,0.0001969151,0.00007848063,0.0003150776,0.0002888015,0.00008841751],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002036534,0.0002456121,0.00009600194,0.0005838317,0.0001182645,0.0001173294,0.00008374903,0.001179549,0.00002514246],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005840223,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005522427,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009265656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.097306e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978029,0.00004544193,0.0003695507,0.0002735506,0.0007433221,0.0007653011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998079,0.001167696,0.00003684641,0.0003497252,0.0001532259,0.0002135146],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001417703,0.00006299264,0.00004769488,0.0001518918,0.00006711372,0.000003222775,0.0001744237,0.01642545,0.9820593,0.0001916439,0.0006242238,0.0001778896],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004705777,0.00001444954,0.000004414277,0.0002529011,0.000008938485,0.000005080478,0.0001923811,0.02224178,0.9760413,0.00003130878,0.0004769833,0.0002598902],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9957383,0.001503855,0.00002304738,0.0002507371,0.000394952,0.0002321503,0.000007879254,0.0004278283,0.001421225],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981601,0.00001036215,0.00001788573,0.00001960661,0.001494218,0.000171981,0.00002295533,0.00006985948,0.0000330788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006017983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999996,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2138393720934175,"score_gpt":0.377559408863597,"score_spread":0.1637200367701795,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}