{"id":"W1980073354","doi":"10.1007/s10494-015-9597-1","title":"Lagrangian Mixing Models for Turbulent Combustion: Review and Prospects","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow Turbulence and Combustion","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Petrobras; Institut national de la recherche scientifique","keywords":"Mixing (physics); Turbulence; Statistical physics; Combustion; Scalar (mathematics); Closure (psychology); Probability density function; Mechanics; Turbulent diffusion; Mathematical model; Monte Carlo method; Computer science; Mathematics; Physics; Chemistry; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002610046,0.0002023007,0.0002597113,0.00006839052,0.0001001748,0.00006347936,0.00008392255,0.00009622834,0.000007437293],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000291819,0.0001988983,0.00004371718,0.0001597398,0.00004809167,0.0003069491,0.00002934054,0.0001489416,0.000006915539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000583379,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001707814,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004270628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005905516,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991176,0.00001657179,0.0002345381,0.0002454726,0.0001494608,0.0002364327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999433,0.00002727362,0.00003757249,0.0001804672,0.0001341184,0.0001875952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001513177,0.0002106149,0.0005677061,0.01188127,0.0001684668,0.00003064916,0.002111643,0.6914525,0.0002075888,0.02155093,0.04280762,0.2288597],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005987116,0.00006868553,0.000208457,0.0007042587,0.0001232503,0.00007313749,0.00006423803,0.9914005,0.00004100661,0.003917133,0.002499103,0.0003015636],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1207001,0.2376613,0.6200966,0.008526903,0.00237265,0.005339749,0.000136164,0.002268572,0.002897872],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9748243,0.01780722,0.005760144,0.0007220238,0.000161557,0.0001519867,0.0001347931,0.00005077318,0.0003871664],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8541242,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8110837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02028618724593475,"score_gpt":0.2281984928804598,"score_spread":0.2079123056345251,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}