{"id":"W1980729761","doi":"10.5430/wje.v4n4p30","title":"Assessing Unidimensionality and Differential Item Functioning in Qualifying Examination for Senior Secondary School Students, Osun State, Nigeria","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"World Journal of Education","topic":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Differential item functioning; Psychology; English language; Mathematics education; Item response theory; Psychometrics; Developmental psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003045307,0.00008466483,0.0001644944,0.0003500049,0.0003589164,0.000326976,0.0001088365,0.00003941219,0.0002228349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005074574,0.00008509304,0.00004140887,0.000242721,0.00005055289,0.0009409562,0.00001601949,0.0001860269,0.000001522994],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002790734,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001042725,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003125877,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001920662,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983848,0.0005180828,0.0004599102,0.0001345809,0.0003470907,0.000155572],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982055,0.0007661797,0.0004790232,0.00005866548,0.0003706206,0.0001200188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004004453,0.0003866435,0.9200288,0.00005534434,0.00002873541,1.730889e-7,0.01002521,0.00001780429,0.001184824,0.008287783,0.00109599,0.05884863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004506074,0.000035297,0.9633827,0.0001281991,0.00001372217,0.000001947254,0.01667171,0.00002291112,0.00003749979,0.007954925,0.01119793,0.0001025912],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992215,0.0001927041,0.001962428,0.00163527,0.002011184,0.0001751861,0.000001134763,0.000006568745,0.001800475],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944236,0.00002941022,0.001666512,0.000185187,0.001044136,0.00001273167,0.00001699832,0.000008352541,0.002613122],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05874604,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3469993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04360496324381515,"score_gpt":0.4262376281608551,"score_spread":0.38263266491704,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}