{"id":"W1981625407","doi":"10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.134","title":"Effect of electric fields on contact angle and surface tension of drops","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Colloid and Interface Science","topic":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of Toronto","funders":"Canadian Space Agency; University of Toronto","keywords":"Surface tension; Electric field; Contact angle; Polar; Polarity (international relations); Chemical polarity; Chemistry; Field (mathematics); Molecule; Optics; Materials science; Chemical physics; Thermodynamics; Composite material; Organic chemistry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004704014,0.0000709944,0.0001974268,0.0001426326,0.00003285684,0.00001328428,0.0001304337,0.00004393633,9.086093e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001536591,0.00004993858,0.0000256534,0.0002928378,0.0001075951,0.0001132346,0.00002167162,0.0001661899,1.954463e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003875041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004101735,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000009520333,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.776716e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994708,0.00001028079,0.0001886741,0.00006780903,0.0001378704,0.000124522],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996538,0.00007833845,0.00009242894,0.00006848136,0.00007420782,0.000032732],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004263733,0.000008891559,0.000299353,0.00003604715,0.00000673362,6.257064e-7,0.00009570977,0.0005284121,0.9966282,0.00005099885,0.00007257576,0.002229871],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004045059,0.003650867,0.0005282212,0.0002130162,0.000009215251,0.00005403187,0.00004911013,0.0001687591,0.9947479,0.00008552599,0.00004286328,0.000046018],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9948193,0.004195227,0.0006000469,0.00006848356,0.0000951683,0.00004594415,4.609197e-7,0.00001593831,0.0001594412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988828,0.0009185415,0.0001707329,0.00000619518,0.000005517314,1.223952e-7,1.072393e-8,0.000003588134,0.00001245265],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00406355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2036436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.002845669829249179,"score_gpt":0.220410815091622,"score_spread":0.2175651452623728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}