{"id":"W1981676244","doi":"10.1021/es063040x","title":"1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Reactions with OH<sup>-</sup>, Cr(II), Granular Iron, and a Copper−Iron Bimetal:  Insights from Product Formation and Associated Carbon Isotope Fractionation","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","field":"Engineering","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Johns Hopkins University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Bimetal; Copper; Fractionation; Chemistry; Isotope; Isotopes of carbon; Carbon fibers; Isotope fractionation; Inorganic chemistry; Radiochemistry; Environmental chemistry; Materials science; Physical chemistry; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Total organic carbon","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003264539,0.0002547231,0.0002194303,0.0005676108,0.0003830509,0.00004470957,0.0001682452,0.0002014058,0.000034898],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006246958,0.0002403206,0.00001610125,0.0005818973,0.0009254054,0.0009484894,0.0001260936,0.0002379917,0.00001664865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006919115,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009852322,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006772039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005026539,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982381,0.00002326288,0.000371131,0.0004956247,0.000485335,0.0003865732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993973,0.00004524712,0.0001491477,0.000278045,0.000007887808,0.0001224136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000171083,0.00009022969,0.01577183,0.000008984451,0.00001164947,0.00000651696,0.0005382171,0.001475517,0.9787418,0.00003526504,0.000005204961,0.003297699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009769175,0.000294357,0.2430411,0.00003605529,0.00005496388,0.00007662552,0.001070096,0.007013985,0.7449817,0.0003262935,0.001669779,0.0004581629],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9977136,0.0005543972,0.0003383098,0.00018767,0.0001234497,0.0005054123,0.00002199248,0.00031867,0.0002364854],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985118,0.0004279708,0.000800722,0.00002617828,0.00003737142,0.00004384773,0.00008039442,0.00003260388,0.00003914219],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2337601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9799988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004071118271320015,"score_gpt":0.183903818827773,"score_spread":0.179832700556453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}