{"id":"W1981715778","doi":"10.1017/s0142716405050150","title":"The effects of identification training on the identification and production of American English vowels by native speakers of Japanese","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Psycholinguistics","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":140,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Identification (biology); Vowel; Psychology; Production (economics); Training (meteorology); Audiology; Task (project management); Speech recognition; Linguistics; Computer science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001038747,0.0001153908,0.0002026756,0.00008262426,0.000118274,0.00001462241,0.0002746302,0.00008394582,0.000009051382],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001579868,0.000083436,0.00003585074,0.000331475,0.0009240984,0.00001043828,0.00002070161,0.0002819311,0.000006390876],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001618613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001634245,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006569028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001445809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986066,0.0001491174,0.0005186427,0.0002843007,0.0002526274,0.0001887498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972925,0.001149086,0.0006372245,0.0005544328,0.0003322376,0.00003452697],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008227446,0.0007818864,0.0002559542,0.0001473435,0.0004747678,5.514895e-7,0.3438138,0.00004081728,0.4868363,0.0554758,0.01325314,0.0980968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003439212,0.00127355,0.2391661,0.0002183458,0.0004202214,0.00000981912,0.07346473,0.000348989,0.6357914,0.01695139,0.02805907,0.0008572158],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906173,0.0002385155,0.00008219806,0.0004507266,0.001088858,0.000612771,0.00002366041,0.00001252184,0.006873501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989119,0.0001949573,0.00004802144,0.00003761055,0.0002308128,0.00007721337,0.00001393287,0.0000172395,0.0004683841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2703491,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3404879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01973836171125167,"score_gpt":0.3274460368614615,"score_spread":0.3077076751502098,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}