{"id":"W1981914168","doi":"10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.106","title":"Comparison of the energy and environmental performances of nine biomass/coal co-firing pathways","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Bioresource Technology","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":91,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Coal; Biomass (ecology); Raw material; Environmental science; Life-cycle assessment; Greenhouse gas; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Bioenergy; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Biofuel; Agronomy; Engineering; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002874931,0.0003546966,0.0003381087,0.0005787197,0.0003608786,0.00048413,0.000236614,0.0004179898,0.00135416],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004481991,0.0001309323,0.000370504,0.000514544,0.0001326596,0.0003316215,0.0002756531,0.0003140392,0.0002278909],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002237067,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003665288,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001091813,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002479143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998266,0.0000201113,0.00001788209,0.00002101398,0.00006944736,0.00004496028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997529,0.00008558077,0.00002794416,0.00001468951,0.00007990108,0.00003899281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002021564,0.0002428369,0.003412278,0.000263036,0.0000592539,0.0001491066,0.0000445949,0.004222704,0.971582,0.0001772595,0.00005108356,0.01777414],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002679944,0.0008814793,0.004214696,0.00001067789,0.00007717625,0.00007007123,0.00006052944,0.004183576,0.989888,0.00004469026,0.0005340338,0.000008294286],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998354,0.0004387155,0.0005289417,0.00001188114,0.000008829968,0.00001108333,0.0001032044,0.00001249338,0.0005309197],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974065,0.0004942665,0.001218842,0.000003891052,0.000001496211,0.000009398327,0.0001971933,0.000007310676,0.0006611152],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00135416,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004530132,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01030951314931192,"score_gpt":0.2080295018731584,"score_spread":0.1977199887238464,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}