{"id":"W1982713366","doi":"10.1007/s00348-012-1318-0","title":"Experimental estimation of fluctuating velocity and scalar gradients in turbulence","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Government of Ontario","keywords":"Turbulence; Homogeneous isotropic turbulence; Physics; Direct numerical simulation; Isotropy; Scalar (mathematics); Attenuation; Wavenumber; Numerical differentiation; Computational physics; Particle image velocimetry; Optics; Mechanics; Statistical physics; Mathematical analysis; Mathematics; Geometry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006359775,0.0004254478,0.0001875721,0.0002815209,0.0006475066,0.0005126179,0.0004731854,0.0005294674,0.00104987],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00239595,0.0003010477,0.0001444804,0.0003262591,0.0009664098,0.000655601,0.0004491581,0.0006150251,0.0001847587],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003043259,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002232328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001002138,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007587044,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999488,0.0001243903,0.00003877085,0.0001032746,0.0001577711,0.00008789195],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982594,0.0008565,0.0001955953,0.0002894645,0.0003068516,0.0000920905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007647147,0.0003473491,0.002274773,0.00006500399,0.00001345278,0.00003633907,0.0001000362,0.001345746,0.9871035,0.0007926517,0.0001513722,0.007005047],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007588659,0.001328329,0.01182813,0.000008886161,0.00002493938,0.0001701914,0.00009043748,0.009179844,0.976284,0.000323589,0.0006503812,0.00003548148],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9885634,0.0002440279,0.009620535,0.00004437374,0.00003709489,0.00002141062,0.0001353685,0.0000637214,0.001270006],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949852,0.0001508021,0.00412146,0.00001751518,0.0000160699,0.00002011072,0.0001473934,0.0000243706,0.0005171244],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00104987,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003512204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0108346478178096,"score_gpt":0.2503803480133029,"score_spread":0.2395457001954933,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}