{"id":"W1982970035","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0006738","title":"Estimating Impact Forces of Tail Club Strikes by Ankylosaurid Dinosaurs","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Paleontology and Evolutionary Biology","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":62,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"University of Alberta; Directorate for Biological Sciences; American Museum of Natural History","keywords":"Anatomy; Flexibility (engineering); Biology; Geology; Physics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003297806,0.0006505966,0.0004435289,0.003425257,0.0007140157,0.0005038009,0.0006460007,0.0008972748,0.002066029],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001365175,0.0003689238,0.0005736059,0.001210275,0.0003657129,0.000377592,0.0009475694,0.00021417,0.0006236052],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005379872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004530941,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01405196,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02248275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997461,0.00002628167,0.00002980811,0.00008116112,0.00007380499,0.0000428472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994572,0.0001355335,0.0001716787,0.00002971122,0.0000934,0.0001124763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001682664,0.00002583471,0.968939,0.00009814576,0.00008832205,0.0003650632,0.0003198592,0.002510194,0.01342396,0.00002889495,0.00007610222,0.01395629],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000511799,0.0001239871,0.9921783,0.00002026572,0.00003538455,0.0003428624,0.0004920135,0.005433153,0.001062114,0.00005976326,0.0002344662,0.00001263185],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997497,0.00008323254,0.001178865,0.00000464768,0.00000199411,0.00002853426,0.0005437178,0.00001995968,0.0006420338],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918308,0.0001135026,0.006247787,0.00001320282,0.000004260286,0.00007264045,0.001289985,0.0000103183,0.0004175777],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01405196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02794033,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02411956211325841,"score_gpt":0.2292605465834705,"score_spread":0.2051409844702121,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}