{"id":"W1983348607","doi":"10.1080/13504850601018122","title":"Entry barriers and markup ratios: evidence from OECD countries","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Economics Letters","topic":"Firm Innovation and Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Barriers to entry; Markup language; Profitability index; Natural experiment; International economics; Monetary economics; Economics; Business; Industrial organization; Market structure; Finance; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001393065,0.0002732242,0.0004209611,0.002553318,0.0003392633,0.001819581,0.0002744924,0.0002877254,0.002179367],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007357515,0.0001385649,0.0004523768,0.00397227,0.0007203796,0.0006738437,0.001062992,0.0004744914,0.0003869357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004665442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003973138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0105582,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009535879,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991585,0.0001663427,0.0000991121,0.0001197306,0.0002880924,0.0001681865],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9812266,0.004163107,0.0119831,0.0006452005,0.001285202,0.0006968642],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003484678,0.00006512996,0.9773194,0.0003168586,0.0002945507,0.0004463887,0.0007197505,0.001226123,0.0005052109,0.002223556,0.001618151,0.0149163],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001645393,0.00006670276,0.994275,0.00006321527,0.00008368913,0.0001432362,0.0005050303,0.0001682872,0.0005834333,0.0002871712,0.003791294,0.00001644549],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779702,0.003238938,0.0003814289,0.0002130061,0.00001412144,0.00001907761,0.002790862,0.00004102229,0.01533129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994985,0.001620097,0.0001369759,0.00006621963,0.00002055944,0.00001099325,0.002628108,0.00001033236,0.0005217416],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0105582,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02099347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02134966092977512,"score_gpt":0.1783706782330165,"score_spread":0.1570210173032414,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}