{"id":"W1983436690","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0076295","title":"The Impact of Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity on Results of Genome Wide Association Studies of Complex Diseases","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":204,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; Douglas Mental Health University Institute; Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital; Dalhousie University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Genome-wide association study; Genetic heterogeneity; Sample size determination; Genetic association; Biology; Statistical power; Genetics; Phenotype; Genetic variation; Study heterogeneity; Meta-analysis; Genotype; Evolutionary biology; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; Statistics; Medicine; Gene; MEDLINE; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.3244662,0.001302613,0.00281828,0.003102828,0.001372184,0.003638665,0.002512847,0.002616189,0.002028555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.6192725,0.001279273,0.004870404,0.004443639,0.005724621,0.003648156,0.003648241,0.00304719,0.0004091669],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001484264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001187791,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001656009,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00168629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.4118682,0.5051623,0.03151502,0.0268642,0.02236234,0.002228033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.1340577,0.8056887,0.01919715,0.03546956,0.004916113,0.0006708538],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008734884,0.0004873558,0.6242315,0.004442547,0.05594347,0.004818013,0.00381651,0.06325553,0.0117553,0.02658161,0.005909653,0.1900237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002144614,0.002512739,0.6697266,0.0012095,0.01522981,0.006719528,0.001271393,0.1206395,0.01139446,0.1544327,0.01409312,0.000626113],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3976344,0.02157382,0.5472132,0.01461378,0.001722377,0.001466475,0.003054794,0.001275697,0.0114454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9673206,0.0007389975,0.02793971,0.001855081,0.000363628,0.000432769,0.000672446,0.0002779488,0.0003989194],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.3244662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8330534,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05178307678507901,"score_gpt":0.2933279420961726,"score_spread":0.2415448653110936,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}