{"id":"W1984041204","doi":"10.1093/applin/amu028","title":"Event-related Potentials (ERPs) in Second Language Research: A Brief Introduction to the Technique, a Selected Review, and an Invitation to Reconsider Critical Periods in L2","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Linguistics","topic":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":119,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Research on Brain Language and Music; McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Psychology; Event (particle physics); Linguistics; Cognitive psychology; Event-related potential; Applied linguistics; Cognitive science; Philosophy; Cognition; Neuroscience","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002706358,0.001709251,0.001219245,0.004886259,0.00048331,0.001953173,0.001289731,0.003076945,0.003295953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003326846,0.0007637823,0.001157215,0.004690828,0.002353541,0.003670477,0.001413617,0.004063444,0.003600529],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008730814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000960599,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006789545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008626982,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99883,0.0004185785,0.0002326541,0.0002466241,0.0002177986,0.00005436923],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967682,0.002701269,0.0001771871,0.0001107108,0.0001939497,0.00004870895],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001437658,0.0002613508,0.001879342,0.01651207,0.0001214552,0.00160945,0.0006904061,0.0004876951,0.01735932,0.02920341,0.02674864,0.904983],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003977115,0.0006778831,0.01724944,0.01037875,0.0001547209,0.02840558,0.000845159,0.001078205,0.007080031,0.0801893,0.8536351,0.0002660969],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00135487,0.9585233,0.02880948,0.003195069,0.001671727,0.0001503871,0.0001883121,0.0001583732,0.00594851],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.008216055,0.9295312,0.04768204,0.00447164,0.005676798,0.0005316279,0.000275262,0.0001205017,0.003494863],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004886259,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0143128,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03217013255909922,"score_gpt":0.3784008498048871,"score_spread":0.3462307172457879,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}